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KMID : 0525720170220030185
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Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
2017 Volume.22 No. 3 p.185 ~ p.193
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Anti-inflammatory Activity on LPS-stimulated in vitro RAW 264.7 Cells and in vivo Zebrafish of Heterosigma akshiwo
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Kim Jun-Seong
Choi Youn-Kyung
Lee Ji-Hyeok
Kim Seo-Young
Kim Hyun-Soo
Jeon You-Jin
Heo Soo-Jin
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Abstract
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Red tide Heterosigma akashiwo (H. akashiwo), a microscopic alga of the class Raphidophyceae, causes extensive damage to all marine ecosystems. It is essential to reduce the damage to marine ecosystems for them to be used as a resource. In this study, we used organic solvent fractionation to obtain an ethyl acetate-methanol extract from H. akashiwo (HAEM80) and then evaluated its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and a zebrafish model. HAME80 markedly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It also down-regulated the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and decreased the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. HAME80 reduced yolk edema and improved the survival rate of LPS-stimulated zebrafish embryos; in addition, the extract significantly reduced the production of ROS and NO and attenuated cell death in this model. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the extract was used to confirm the identity of peaks 1-20. Taken together, our data suggest that H. akashiwo is a beneficial anti-inflammatory agent.
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KEYWORD
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Heterosigma akashiwo, Anti-inflammatoin, Zebrafish, GC-MS, RAW 264.7 cell
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